H7462. ra

'ah I. רָעָה‎₁₆₇ verb pasture, tend, graze (Assyrian rê°û, verb pasture, noun ruler, Tel Amarna ru—i (as Canaanism) Wkl^{No. 181, 11}; Arabic , Ethiopic Aramaic רְעָא‎, , all = Biblical Hebrew); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular consecutive וְרָעָה‎ Micah 5:3 +, 1 singular suffix consecutive זּרְעִיתִים‎ Ezekiel 34:13, 3plural suffix consecutive וְרָעוּם‎ Jeremiah 23:4, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִרְעֶה‎ Isaiah 27:20 +, jussive יֵ֫רַע‎ Job 20:26, suffix יִרְעֶנָּה‎ Psalm 80:14, וַיִרְעֵם‎ 78:72 (׳וַיַּר‎

Hiph`il van d. H.), etc.; Imperative masculine singular רְעֵה‎ Micah 7:14 +, suffix רְעֵם‎ Psalm 28:9; feminine singular רְעִי‎ Song of Solomon 1:8; masculine plural רְעוּ‎ Genesis 29:7; Infinitive construct לִרְעוֺת‎ 37:12 +, etc.; Participle רֹעֶה‎ 30:36 +, suffix רֹעִי‎ Psalm 23:1 +; feminine singular רֹעָה‎ Genesis 29:9; Proverbs 25:19, etc.; —

1 transitive

a. pasture, tend (pascere), literal, with accusative צאֹן‎ Genesis 30:31, 36; 37:12 (all J), Exodus 3:1 (E), 1 Samuel 17:15; 25:16; Isaiah 61:5, accusative of asses Genesis 36:24 (P), kids Song of Solomon 1:8; accusative (צאֹן‎) omitted Genesis 29:7; 37:13 (ב‎ location) 37:16 (all J), Song of Solomon 1:7 ("" הִרְבִּיץ‎), Job 24:2 (ᵐ5‎ Me Siegf Bu וְרֹעוֺ‎); — metaphor יִרְעֵם לֹא וָיֶקֶב גֹּרֶן‎ Hosea 9:2, but read ᵐ5 יֵדָעֵם‎ We Now GASm; יִרְעֵם מָוֶת‎ Psalm 49:15.

b. figurative of ׳י‎, accusative of person, Genesis 48:15 (E) God, who shepherded me; with accusative of people, as flock Hosea 4:16; Isaiah 40:11; Micah 7:14 (בְּשִׁבְטֶ֑ךָ‎), Ezekiel 34:13 (pregnantly, with אֶל‎ location), 34:14; 34:15 (+ הִרְבִּיץ‎), 34:16; Psalm 28:9.

c. figurative of ruler, and teacher, accusative of people, as flock, 2 Samuel 5:2 = 1 Chronicles 11:2; 2 Samuel 7:1 = 1 Chronicles 17:6; Psalm 78:72; Jeremiah 3:15; 23:2, 4; Ezekiel 34:2-3, 8, 10, 23 (twice in verse); Zechariah 11:4, 7 (twice in verse); 11:9; of teaching, צַדִּיק שִׂפְתֵי רַבִּים יִרְעוּ‎ Proverbs 10:21; with ב‎ of people Psalm 78:71; absolute Micah 5:3; with accusative of person reflexive pastured (fed, enriched) themselves Ezekiel 34:2, 8, 10.

d. especially participle רֹעֶה‎, etc., as substantive = shepherd, herdsman: (I) literal, רֹעֵה צאֹן‎ Genesis 4:2; 46:32, 34; 47:3 (all J), בַּצּ ׳רֹעֶה‎ 37:2 (E), 1 Samuel 16:11; 17:34; מִקְנֶה רֹעֵי‎ Genesis 13:7 (twice in verse) (J); ׳(ה)ר‎ alone, singular Amos 3:12 7t. (all in simile); רֹעָה‎ shepherdess, Genesis 29:9 (J); אֱוִילִי רֹעֶה כְּלִי‎ Zechariah 11:15 (see כְּלִי‎ 2c), as symbol; plural (הָ)רֹעִים‎ Amos 1:2; Exodus 2:17, 19 (J) 1 Samuel 21:8 (הָר ׳אַבִּיר‎; Gr Dr Bu Kit Löhr ׳א חָרָצִים‎; ᵐ5‎ Lag^{BN 45} HPS הָעְַיָרִים אֹבִיל‎, but compare We) + 8 t. + Isaiah 31:4 (simile), 38:12 (read רֹעִים‎ for רֹעִי‎ Perles²⁹ Du Che^Hpt compare Di), compare (suffix) Genesis 13:8 (twice in verse) (J); הָרֹעִים כְּלִי‎ 1 Samuel 17:40 (see כְּלִי‎

3); — הָרִעִיס בֵּידעֵֿקֶד‎. (2) figurative of ruler (as often Assyrian; compare Greek (Homer) ποιμένα λαῶν), absolute singular Jeremiah 17:16 **figurative of prophet (but Aq Symm ᵑ6‎ Gie Du Co מֵרָעָה‎); Zechariah 10:2; 11:16; 13:7b + 8 t. Jeremiah, Ezekiel; suffix of רֹעִי ׳י,‎ Isaiah 44:28 (of Cyrus), Zechariah 13:7a.; Zechariah 13:17 (read הָאֱוִילִי רֹעִי‎ We Now GASm); absolute plural Isaiah 56:11; Jeremiah 2:8; 3:15; Micah 5:4; Zechariah 10:3; 11:5, 8 18t. Jeremiah Ezekiel 34, + (of Assyrian leaders) Nahum 3:18; יִשׂ ׳רֹעֵי‎ Ezekiel 34:2; רֹעֵי צאֹנוֺ‎ Isaiah 63:11 (but read רֹעֵה‎ [of Moses] ᵐ5‎ Targam Di Du and others). (3) epithet of ׳י י ׃ ׳רֹעִי‎ Psalm 23:1, יִשׂ ׳רֹעֵה‎ 80:2, יִשׂ אֶבֶן ׳רֹעֶה‎ Genesis 49:24 (poem in J; read construct רֹעֵה‎. compare Commentaries); אֶחָד מֵרֹעֶה‎ Ecclesiastes 12:11 De Wild, < president of assembly of sages Siegf SS.

2 intransitive feed, graze:

a. literally of cows, sheep, etc.: with ב‎ location Genesis 41:2, 18 (E), 1 Chronicles 27:29; with accusative of pasture Isaiah 30:23; with עַל‎ location Zephaniah 2:7 (הַיָּם עֲלֵי‎ for עֲלֵיהֶם ᵑ0‎, see Now); אֶלמֿוּל‎ location Exodus 34:3 (J); absolute Isaiah 5:17; 11:7 ("" רבץ‎; but see רעה‎ below) 27:10 ("" id.), 65:25; Jonah 3:7; Job 1:14.

b. figurative of idolater, Isaiah 44:20 he feedeth on ashes (accusative); compare Hosea 12:2 Ehpraimitic source feedeth on wind (acc); יִר כְסִילִים ׳מִּי אִוֶּלֶת‎ Proverbs 15:14 (so Vrss Qr; Kt פני‎ for פי‎) the mouth of fools feeds on folly (Toy; Buhl √ II. רעה‎, Gerber¹⁶² below III. רעה‎); in Canticles, with ב‎ location, figurative of lover Song of Solomon 2:16; 6:2-3, of breasts (like gazelles) 4:5.

c. figurative, of Israel as flock Isaiah 14:30 ("" רבץ‎), read (יַ֯‎) בְּכָרֹי‎ in my pasture(s), for בְּכוֺרֵי ᵑ0‎, Koppe Ew Di Du (otherwise Che^Hpt, compare Marti); Zephaniah 3:13 ("" id..); with עַלדְּֿרָכִים‎ Isaiah 49:9; with accusative of pasture-land Jeremiah 50:19; Micah 7:14; Ezekiel 34:14b ( + אֶל‎ location), 34:18; 34:19; hence crop, strip, i.e. devastate, of conqueror, with accusative of land Micah 5:6, cf; אֶתיָֿדוֺ‎ Jeremiah 6:3; so קָדְקֹד יִרְעוּךְ‎; 2:16; accusative of Israel under figure of vine (subject foes, as beasts) Psalm 80:14.

d. subject wind, with accusative of person Jeremiah 22:22, i. e. drive them away; subject fire, with accusative of thing, יֵרַע‎ Job 20:26, but read perhaps יֵרָע‎,

Niph`al (Ol Di Hoffm Siegf Bu; otherwise Du). עֲקָרָה֯ רֹעֶה‎ Job 24:21 is difficult; Bu חֵרַע‎ for ׳ר‎; more radical conjectures in Du.

Niph`al possibly Job 20:26, see 2d above

Hiph`il Psalm 78:72 van d. H., see 1c above

רֹעֶה‎ shepherd, רֹעָה‎ shepherdess, see √ 1 d. above

II. [רָעָה‎] verb probably associate with (compare Schulth^69ff. but also Nö^{ZMG iiv (1900), 154 f.}; Assyrian ru°a, ruttu, neighbour, fellow (masculine and feminine; compare Jäger^{BAS i. 483, 486}); so Bedouin , master, owner, Wallin^{ZMG v (1851), 9} Jayakar^{JA xxi. 851}; Ethiopic marriage; Arabic , Ethiopic yoke; Late Hebrew רֵעוּת‎ friendship is from Biblical Hebrew רֵעַ‎); —

Qal Imperative masculine singular אֱמוּנָה וּרְעֵה‎ Psalm 37:3 cherish faithfulness (Hup-Now RV Che Du Dr); > feed seocurely (Bae; I.רעה‎; feed on (his) faithfulness AmRV); Participle רֹעֶה כְסִילִים‎ Proverbs 13:20 one associating with fools, so ר ׳זֹלְלְים‎ 28:7, ׳ר זוֺנוֺת‎ 29:3 (Thes and others think these figurative from I. רעה‎, see 2b).

Hithpa`el2masculine singular אָ֑ף אֶתבַּֿעַל אַלתִּֿתְרַע‎ Proverbs 22:24 do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man; perhaps also 3 feminine plural תִּתְרָעֶינָה‎ Isaiah 11:7 (Lag^{Or. i. 21}; Deceased Wife's Sister 399 Brd Du Che Hpt) cow and bear shall be each other's companions; + Infinitive construct הִתְרָעֹת‎ Proverbs 18:24 (Toy, for הִתְרֹעֵעַ ᵑ0‎) there are [יֵשׁ‎, for אִישׁ‎] friends (merely) to be companions (see II. רעע‎ near the end).

[רָעָה‎] verb denominative Pi`el be a special friend; — Perfect3masculine singular לוֺ רֵעָה אֲשֶׁר מֵרֵעֵהוּ‎ Judges 14:20 his comrade who had been 'best man' (GFM) to him.

רעה‎ (√ of following; compare Biblical Hebrew III. רעה‎).